Although the air pollution issue is globalizing, recent trends in global SO 2 emissions show that developing countries are the predominant world-wide emission contributors, with a share of 83%. Exposure to SO 2 and subsequent particulate matter ( e.g., sulfates) can lead to severe health problems, including breathing difficulties, respiratory illnesses, and heart and lung diseases, and is life-threatening once concentrations above 100 ppm are reached. Additional sources of SO 2 emissions include degassing volcanic sources and ore smelters. The main sources of SO 2 emissions are the combustion of sulfur-containing materials ( e.g., coal and oil resources) at power plants and in the oil and gas industry, 1 which are typically accompanied by the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and acid rain. 1 Introduction The highly reactive sulfur dioxide (SO 2) gas negatively contributes to particle pollution, visibility (haze), health, and climate via its oxidation to sulfuric acid and reaction with other compounds in the atmosphere. This study demonstrates novel tools and strategies to favorably engineer sensing reaction zones through electrode processing techniques and enrich the functionality of the Li-garnet Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12 fast-conducting electrolyte for sensing applications beyond batteries. The sensor operated at 480 вЊ with up to one-order-of-magnitude-lowered response time and up to a 75% decrease in the recovery time down to в€ј5 min for the QPB-based configuration compared to the TPB-based one. The intended manipulation enforced the desired shift from TPB to QPB reaction zones and unlocked a larger effective surface area for the electrochemical reaction. Here, the focus was placed on manipulating the electrochemical reaction zones from triple phase boundaries (TPBs) to quadrupole phase boundaries (QPBs) by merely changing the processing temperature of a Li 2SO 4вЂ“CaSO 4 composite sensing electrode. The challenging task to secure an efficient ionic, electronic, and gas pathways are needed for further sensor performance improvement. Despite the successful proof-of-concept demonstration, the ideal sensing electrode issues concerning its preferred microstructure and chemistry remain unresolved as no catalysts are involved to ensure the low cost of such future devices. Recently, the first type III electrochemical sensors tracking lethal concentrations of SO 2 were developed based on a fast-conducting Li garnet Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12 (LLZO) solid electrolyte.

Air pollution is a major environmental risk to the health of humans and vegetation, leading to increasing demand for real-time monitoring of toxins and harmful pollutants.

Element 3d v2.2 thepiratebay